Recovery & Vitality
Peptides marketed for tissue recovery, gut and immune health, aging, skin and hormones, read against the evidence.
BPC-157: what it is, the claimed benefits, and what was actually measured
BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide used mainly for tendon, injury and gut recovery. Its claimed benefits set beside what studies actually measured and in which species, the forms it is sold in, side effects and safety unknowns, the TB-500 stack, weight loss, cost context and what users report.
Epitalon peptide (epithalon peptide): what it is, what it does, and what the evidence shows
The epitalon peptide, also spelled epithalon, is a synthetic tetrapeptide (AEDG) sold on a telomere and anti-aging story. What it is, what it does in cells and animals, what people use it for, how it compares with epithalamin and MOTS-c, side effects, cost context and what users report.
GHK-Cu: the copper peptide that lives two lives, skincare staple and injectable trend
GHK-Cu (copper peptide) is a natural copper-binding tripeptide used in skincare for decades and now injected by the glow crowd. What it is, what it does, what the topical skin trials actually show, why the injectable has no published human data, side effects, acne, cost, and what people are saying.
Glutathione: what it is, how people use it, and what the evidence shows for each form
Glutathione is the body's main endogenous antioxidant, a tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine and glycine. What it actually does, how the oral supplement differs from the injectable form, what the evidence shows for antioxidant, detox, liver and skin-lightening claims, the safety concerns with IV use, and what people are saying.
Kisspeptin-10: what it is, how people use it, and what the evidence shows
Kisspeptin-10 is the ten-amino-acid fragment of a natural reproductive hormone that switches on the body's reproductive hormone axis. What it is, how it works, what its investigational human research on fertility, hormonal function and sexual desire shows, what is and is not known about its safety, and what people are saying.
KPV: what it is, how people use it, and what the evidence shows
KPV is a synthetic tripeptide, the C-terminal fragment of the hormone alpha-MSH, used for gut inflammation and recovery stacks. What it is, what people use it for, what its almost entirely preclinical evidence shows, what is and is not known about its safety, and what users report.
LL-37 (cathelicidin): what it is, how people use it, and what the evidence shows
LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid host-defense peptide your own cells make, now sold online for antimicrobial and immune goals. What it actually is, what its mostly laboratory evidence shows, why the same molecule can be both anti- and pro-inflammatory, its safety unknowns, and what users say.
Melanotan II (MT2): what it is, how people use it, and what the evidence and risks show
Melanotan II, often called MT2, is a synthetic melanocortin-receptor agonist sold online as an injectable tanning and libido peptide. What it is, how it is thought to work, what its thin human evidence shows, and its serious documented risks: mole changes and a melanoma-surveillance concern, nausea and vomiting, priapism, and blood-pressure changes.
TB-500 (TB500, TB 500): what the thymosin beta 4 fragment is, what it does, and what the evidence shows
TB-500, also written TB500 or TB 500, is a synthetic peptide based on a fragment of thymosin beta 4. What it is, what it does in studies, how it compares with full thymosin beta-4 and BPC-157, side effects, cost context and what users report.
Thymosin alpha 1 peptide (TA1): why people use it, and what the trials were actually for
Thymosin alpha 1 peptide (TA1, thymalfasin, brand Zadaxin) is a 28-amino-acid immune peptide licensed abroad. Why the immune-health crowd uses it, whether it has any bodybuilding evidence, what the hepatitis, sepsis and COVID-19 trials were for, how long trial courses ran, side effects, how it differs from TB-500, and what users report.